[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/turecko\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/turecko\/","headline":"Turecko","name":"Turecko","description":"
 (Mocn\u00fd mu\u017e na Bosporu) 
 Turecko hraje v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pon\u011bkud rozporuplnou roli v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch, tato star\u00e1 zem\u011b NATO, kter\u00e1 se v posledn\u00edch letech p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed na stranu Ruska, ale v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b sleduje sv\u00e9 obnoven\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy. Pot\u00e9 co se st\u00e1t po cel\u00fdch dlouh\u00fdch desetilet\u00ed od vl\u00e1dy zakladatele modern\u00edho tureck\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu Kemala Atat\u00fcrka, […]","datePublished":"2019-12-21","dateModified":"2023-05-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3064f57e4a87acc15ee08ce03d01afdc2a328e3d2da280f2bcfaabcbd486d62e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3064f57e4a87acc15ee08ce03d01afdc2a328e3d2da280f2bcfaabcbd486d62e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"aplcomm.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a362746_w4390_t1575750965.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a362746_w4390_t1575750965.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/turecko\/","about":["Spole\u010dnosti"],"wordCount":429,"articleBody":"
 (Mocn\u00fd mu\u017e na Bosporu)
 Turecko hraje v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pon\u011bkud rozporuplnou roli v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch, tato star\u00e1 zem\u011b NATO, kter\u00e1 se v posledn\u00edch letech p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed na stranu Ruska, ale v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b sleduje sv\u00e9 obnoven\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy. Pot\u00e9 co se st\u00e1t po cel\u00fdch dlouh\u00fdch desetilet\u00ed od vl\u00e1dy zakladatele modern\u00edho tureck\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu Kemala Atat\u00fcrka, zbavil dohledu arm\u00e1dy, se znovu hl\u00e1s\u00ed k odkazu st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 supervelmoci Tureck\u00e9 Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.
 
 Turci se v\u0161ak na historick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b neobjevili jako jednolit\u00fd n\u00e1rod, nebo kmen, \u010di kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Tureck\u00fdch kmen\u016f byla cel\u00e1 \u0159ada, najdeme je asi od 11. stolet\u00ed v oblasti \u010cernomo\u0159\u00ed, Mal\u00e9 Asie a Ir\u00e1nu, tvo\u0159ili po\u010detnou skupinu kmen\u016f, \u010dasto slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edch ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch arabsk\u00fdch \u010di pozd\u011bji mongolsk\u00fdch panovn\u00edk\u016f a vojev\u016fdc\u016f. V roce 1071 v\u016fdce seld\u017euck\u00fdch Turk\u016f porazil Byzantsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e a zalo\u017eil v dne\u0161n\u00ed tureck\u00e9 Anatolii prvn\u00ed mocn\u00e9 tureck\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, tzv. R\u00famsk\u00fd sultan\u00e1t. V 13. stolet\u00ed v\u0161ak sousedn\u00ed Ir\u00e1n ovl\u00e1dli mongolov\u00e9 a jejich moci se seld\u017eu\u010dt\u00ed Turci nedok\u00e1zali ubr\u00e1nit. N\u011bkdy v t\u00e9to dob\u011b se tak\u00e9 objevili Osman\u00e9, podle kter\u00fdch byla pojmenovan\u00e1 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. P\u016fvodn\u011b \u0161lo o dynastii v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f ovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch mal\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eetstv\u00ed plat\u00edc\u00ed dan\u011b nejprve seld\u017euk\u016fm a pozd\u011bji mongol\u016fm. Po rozpadu mongolsk\u00e9 moci v Ir\u00e1nu se seld\u017euck\u00e1 dynastie u\u017e nedok\u00e1zala vzchopit a nab\u00fdt p\u016fvodn\u00ed moci.
 
  Naopak Osman\u00e9 se vydali na sv\u00e9 velk\u00e9 dobyvatelsk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, b\u011bhem n\u011bho\u017e p\u0159ipravili Byzanc o v\u011bt\u0161inu jej\u00edho b\u00fdval\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed probojovali se a\u017e do Evropy a poprv\u00e9 zalo\u017eili mocnou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i pod vl\u00e1dou sult\u00e1na Bajezida. Nakonec v\u0161ak \u0159\u00ed\u0161e podlehla nov\u00e9 mongolsk\u00e9 invazi mongolsk\u00fd ch\u00e1n Tamerl\u00e1n Bajezida porazil a tureck\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e na \u010das zanikla. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b po smrti krut\u00e9ho dobyvatele Tamerl\u00e1na se jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161e postaven\u00e1 na strachu a n\u00e1sil\u00ed rozpadla a Osman\u00e9 se dok\u00e1zali rychle znovu chopit iniciativy postupn\u011b dob\u00fdvali zp\u011bt ztracen\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, porazili koalici evropsk\u00fdch panovn\u00edk\u016f a v roce 1453 ud\u011blali definitivn\u00ed te\u010dku za d\u011bjinami \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, kdy\u017e dobyli Konstantinopolis hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Byzance, p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdchodo\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e pohrobka \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9. Turci t\u00edm vstoupili do d\u011bjin jako supervelmoc a po n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 200 ohro\u017eovali Evropu jako celek.
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (10 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Turecko","item":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/turecko\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]