[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/zivotni-cyklus-hvezd\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/zivotni-cyklus-hvezd\/","headline":"\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus hv\u011bzd","name":"\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus hv\u011bzd","description":"Je to proces, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 hv\u011bzda po dobu sv\u00e9 existence proch\u00e1z\u00ed mnoha zm\u011bnami. Astrofyzikov\u00e9 porozum\u011bli evoluci hv\u011bzd, kdy\u017e pozorovali r\u016fzn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch etap\u00e1ch jejich v\u00fdvoje a pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch simulac\u00ed t\u011bchto projev\u016f. V\u00fdvoj i trv\u00e1n\u00ed hv\u011bzdy z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jej\u00ed hmotnosti a chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed.
 
 
 Hv\u011bzdy hlavn\u00ed posloupnosti 
 Hlavn\u00ed posloupnost je linie, v […]","datePublished":"2020-02-23","dateModified":"2023-05-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3064f57e4a87acc15ee08ce03d01afdc2a328e3d2da280f2bcfaabcbd486d62e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3064f57e4a87acc15ee08ce03d01afdc2a328e3d2da280f2bcfaabcbd486d62e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"aplcomm.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a370912_w4390_t1582607139.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a370912_w4390_t1582607139.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/zivotni-cyklus-hvezd\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":478,"articleBody":"Je to proces, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 hv\u011bzda po dobu sv\u00e9 existence proch\u00e1z\u00ed mnoha zm\u011bnami. Astrofyzikov\u00e9 porozum\u011bli evoluci hv\u011bzd, kdy\u017e pozorovali r\u016fzn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch etap\u00e1ch jejich v\u00fdvoje a pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch simulac\u00ed t\u011bchto projev\u016f. V\u00fdvoj i trv\u00e1n\u00ed hv\u011bzdy z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jej\u00ed hmotnosti a chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed.
 
 
 Hv\u011bzdy hlavn\u00ed posloupnosti
 Hlavn\u00ed posloupnost je linie, v n\u00ed\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina hv\u011bzd. Na\u0161e Slunce (\u017elut\u00fd trpasl\u00edk) je hv\u011bzdnou hlavn\u00ed posloupnosti ji\u017e 4,5 miliardy let a je v polovin\u011b sv\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee po uplynut\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch 4,5 miliard let Slunce zanikne a s n\u00edm i \u017eivot v na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b.
 Tyto hv\u011bzdy se chovaj\u00ed v\u0161echny naprosto stejn\u011b: ve sv\u00e9m j\u00e1dru p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vod\u00edk na helium (termojadern\u00e1 reakce) a vznikl\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed tlak je udr\u017euje v rovnov\u00e1ze s jejich gravitac\u00ed. Tento proces v\u0161ak netrv\u00e1 nav\u011bky. Kdy\u017e je vod\u00edk v j\u00e1dru hv\u011bzdy vy\u010derp\u00e1n, poru\u0161\u00ed se rovnov\u00e1ha, j\u00e1dro se m\u00edrn\u011b smr\u0161t\u00ed, znovu zah\u0159eje a reakce pokra\u010duje. Tentokr\u00e1t se slu\u010duj\u00ed j\u00e1dra helia na uhl\u00edk, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se uvoln\u00ed energie, kter\u00e1 za\u010dne zvedat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrstvy hv\u011bzdy. Ta se n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a zm\u011bn\u00ed se na podobra. Po \u010dase hv\u011bzd\u011b op\u011bt za\u010dne doch\u00e1zet jadern\u00e9 palivo a cel\u00fd p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00fd proces se opakuje. Tentokr\u00e1t se v\u0161ak vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy vzedmou na tolik, \u017ee vznikne \u010derven\u00fd \u010di rud\u00fd obr \u2013 zm\u011bna barvy je zp\u016fsobena m\u00edrn\u00fdm ochlazen\u00edm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vrstev hv\u011bzdy; hv\u011bzdy s velkou hmotnost\u00ed se dokonce zm\u011bn\u00ed na veleobra. Posledn\u00ed etapa \u017eivota hv\u011bzdy z\u00e1vis\u00ed op\u011bt na jej\u00ed hmotnosti \u2013 podle n\u00ed skon\u010d\u00ed jako b\u00edl\u00fd trpasl\u00edk, neutronov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda nebo \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra.
 
 U velk\u00fdch hv\u011bzd je tako v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 f\u00e1ze krat\u0161\u00ed \u2013 vysok\u00e1 gravitace zvy\u0161uje tlak v j\u00e1dru a vod\u00edk se spaluje rychleji. Naopak mal\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy, zvan\u00e9 \u010derven\u00ed trpasl\u00edci, spaluj\u00ed svou z\u00e1sobu vod\u00edku pomaleji, maj\u00ed tud\u00ed\u017e del\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost.
 Obrovsk\u00e9 modr\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 palivo velmi rychle \u2013 jejich gigantick\u00e1 hmotnost zp\u016fsobuje tak velik\u00fd tlak na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, \u017ee jsou nuceny usilovn\u011b zpracov\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 palivo, a to aby vyprodukovaly dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed tlak \u2013 oba tlaky se tak vyrovnaj\u00ed a nedojde ke gravita\u010dn\u00edmu zhroucen\u00ed. Vod\u00edk sp\u00e1l\u00ed modr\u00e1 hv\u011bzda asi tak za milion let, pak se za\u010dne rozp\u00ednat, stane se z n\u00ed rud\u00fd veleobr a nakonec exploduje jako supernova. A potom \u2013 podle velikosti hmotn\u00e9ho zbytku \u2013 se stane bu\u010f \u010dernou d\u00edrou, anebo neutronovou hv\u011bzdou.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus hv\u011bzd","item":"https:\/\/www.aplcomm.cz\/zivotni-cyklus-hvezd\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]